Incredibly so as the US is politically corrupt, but not in the way people normally think about corruption. Lawrence Lessig wrote a decent book on the frame of this calling it Gift in Kind corruption, rather than Quid Pro Quo.
And then if you magnified this beyond the US context vastly harder to create an international framework where this is enforceable and upheld without loopholes causing breakdowns.
Coming back to this... While you are correct that debt for government doesn't work the way it does for households, this is not that issues.
A government having debt at a high level only really works if they also control the currency they have it in, like the US, China, Japan, etc. France being part of the Euro complicates it dramatically.
Second, this is not just France. It's a 'developed' nation issues. Seven of the twelve countries above 100% are G7 or G20 members. As in Japan, Italy, the United States, France, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Spain. And China is at 99% debt to GDP. So in other words nearly all major economies are starting to have interest impacts on their GDP. There are some standouts like Nederland, Germany, Australia, South Korea, etc,
Combine this with the coming demographic inversion, let alone whatever the fuck the Tech sector thinks it's doing, and we have some major issues for the next generation to deal with...
Politicians will work with it, but probably do the shortest term solution they can at the last possible min, because that is what has happened and is currently incentivized.