Only if it is uncoated iron rebar. There are also coated rebar, galvanized rebar, stainless steel rebar, or fiberglass rebar.
Iron is the most popular rebar among workers for its ability to be shaped by hand and easily cut, but it's lacking in longevity due to its chemical vulnerability.
Galvanized is also weak to chemical attacks but from Alkaline attacks.
Well, now you're contradicting yourself from earlier when you stated we were discussing Calcium Carbonate and Silicate.
The Calcium Carbonate degrades into Calcium Oxide. Calcium Oxide will form Calcium Hydroxide on the cured surface.
The only reliable way to seperate the Calcium from the oxidation afaik would be the introduction of Chlorine, so you're definitely not seeing the reverse happening regardless of how much carbon dioxide there is.