While they did well environmental to produce this and even from a cost to consumer, there are many hidden costs to the power produced which will test France in the coming years as their fleet of reactors and the coming debt-to-gdp crisis means the tens of billions required to overhaul it might be tough to subsidize.
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debt-to-gdp crisis
is not an actual crisis, money on those political levels doesn't work the same way as it would for households.
id suggest Fiji, New Zealand, New Guinea, Cambodia and many dozen other countries will have much lower emissions. in their Navy.
Unfortunately, thanks to the anti-nuclear lobby, we are in a situation where the current reactors will have to be shutdown before the new ones are available to take their place.
lowest-carbon
Ok, now do nuclear waste.
Canada developed reactors to run on waste fuel from other reactors.
CANDU 9 IIRC
CANDU 9
very interesting. for those who want to know how it works:
Most commercial reactor designs use normal water as the moderator. Water absorbs some of the neutrons, enough that it is not possible to keep the reaction going in natural uranium. CANDU replaces this "light" water with heavy water. Heavy water's extra neutron decreases its ability to absorb excess neutrons, resulting in a better neutron economy. This allows CANDU to run on unenriched natural uranium, or uranium mixed with a wide variety of other materials such as plutonium and thorium. This was a major goal of the CANDU design; by operating on natural uranium the cost of enrichment is removed. This also presents an advantage in nuclear proliferation terms, as there is no need for enrichment facilities, which might also be used for weapons.
From Wikipedia. So the key is to improve the neutron economy sothat there's more neutrons available; then, these extra neutrons can go on to split extra material, which is thereby consumed.
You are talking about input materials for reactor fuel. We are told almost daily about how bad climate change is; why would new fuel inputs be anything notable as nuclear power de-carbonizes the grid?
Nuclear waste is a solved problem.
Dig a deep hole, put the waste in the hole, and backfill the hole.
Done.
better yet: pour it into concrete, dump it in the ocean.
it's just not done yet because people are thinking that there might be another use case for nuclear waste in the future.
Remind me again, it slipped my mind: How many of those holes are globally completed and in operation legally, explicitly rated for high-level radioactive waste and NOT explicitly labeled as an intermediate solution?
The entirety of France's nuclear waste since the first plant was put online fits in one Olympic swimming pool. That's 50 years worth of nuclear energy production.
We can handle it.
I didn't check, does it say that waste management is not included?
Oilprice.com sure sounds like an unbiased source.
